Spasova et al. (2006) examined the extraction of copper, gold, and silver from a heap consisting of five tons of polymetallic sulfide ore that had been crushed to less sizes than 10 mm. The main copperbearing mineral of the ore was chalcopyrite, while secondary copper sulfides, such as covellite and bornite, also were present.
Dump leaching was popularly used for the extraction of copper sulfide ores (Brierley 2008). Heap Leaching. Heap bioleaching is a speedily rising method for the extraction of base metals from sulfide minerals. Bioheaps are a big amount of lowgrade ores and effluents from extraction strategies that include trace quantities of minerals.
Chalcopyrite is the main mineral source of copper ore for extracting and producing copper. However, with the continuous mining of copper ore, the grade of chalcopyrite decreases year by year and its composition becomes more and more complex. The traditional pyrometallurgical extraction process has been unable to make efficient use of such resources, and it is extremely urgent to explore an ...
Remediation by bioleaching. Bioleaching is a common term used for biomining, in which the microbes are used for metal extraction from lowgrade ores. It engages the mobilization of positively charged heavy metal ions from the insoluble ores by biological dissolution processes and biooxidation.
The authors Moravvej et al. studied the effects of microwave irradiation as a pretreatment for sulphides and oxidized copper ores via leaching tests in shaking flasks, to later carry out a conventional leaching process, obtaining a copper extraction of % for sulphide copper ores without pretreatment and % with pretreatment, while for ...
Bioleaching refers then to the process of extracting metals from ores using natural materials present in the environment, such as water, air, and microorganisms [ 20 ].
Bioleaching is a useful tool to recover different metals from lowgrade ores and wastes. It has proved its benefits in terms of cost and environment. It is applied to the heap operation for the ...
Additionally, for gold and copper extractions, bioleaching is used to extract cobalt, zinc, nickel, and uranium from lowgrade ores and industrial effluents. In this review, the fundamental process of bioleaching from lowgrade metal sulfide ores are discussed with emphasis on mechanism, types, pathways, techniques, and bioleaching development.
It is also possible to use nonagglomerated runofmine ore to construct bioleaching heaps. For example, the Escondida Mine, which is located 170 km SouthEast from Antofagasta, Chile, constructed in 2007 a lowgrade runofmine sulfide copper ore heap with air supplied at the base of the heap by means of bigsize air blowers (Figure 3).The ore contained % total Cu consisting of 40% ...
Fig. 6 shows a twostage pilotscale heap bioleaching process to extract copper, gold, and silver from a polymetallic sulfide ore using biosolutions containing acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria for copper bioleaching, and containing microbial protein hydrolysate, thiosulphate, and copper and sulfite ions for gold and silver bioleaching ...
Overall, some 20% of the world's copper production comes from bioleaching. The practice is not limited to copper. Microorganisms are also used to extract gold and uranium.
Bioleaching may be effectively used to extract nonferrous metals from sulfide ores and concentrates. At the same time, some minerals are refractory and their bioleaching rate is often comparatively low that does not allow the required metal extraction rate to be achieved. In the present work, we studied the twostage process, which included stages of biological and chemical leaching, to ...
The interaction between microorganisms and minerals was a hot topic to reveal the transformation of key elements that affecting bioleaching efficiency. Three typical lowgrade copper ores, the main copperbearing components of which were primary sulfide, secondary sulfide and highoxidative sulfide copper, were obtained from Dexing, Zijinshan ...
Lowgrade ores generated by mining activities can lead to resource waste and environment pollution, which is of great concern. Thus, lowgrade copper sulfide ores bioleaching is investigated in this study by reinoculating bacteria at different intervals. The highest bacteria concentration of × 107 cells·mL−1, improved attached bacteria proportion of % and copper recovery of 68 ...
Heap leaching. Heap leaching is another common method used to extract copper from lowgrade ore. The process involves placing the ore on a lined pad and then sprinkling it with a solution that contains sulfuric acid. The acid leaches the copper out of the ore and into the solution, which is then collected and processed to concentrate the copper.
Biofilm formation within the process of bioleaching of copper sulfides is a relevant aspect of iron and sulfuroxidizing acidophilic microorganisms as it represents their lifestyle in the actual heap/dump mining industry. Here, we used biofilm flow cell chambers to establish laminar regimes and compare them with turbulent conditions to evaluate biofilm formation and mineralogic dynamics ...
Bioleaching is a simple and effective technology for metal extraction from lowgrade ores and mineral concentrates. Metal recovery from sulfide minerals is based on the activity of chemolithotrophic bacteria, mainly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans, which convert insoluble metal sulfides into soluble metal ores and minerals can be treated by heterotrophic ...
Bioleaching Process for Copper Extraction from Waste in Alkaline and Acid Medium by Ivica Ristović 1,*, Darina Štyriaková 2,3, Iveta Štyriaková 2, Jaroslav Šuba 2 and Emilija Širadović 1 1 Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Djusina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 ekolive, Americká trieda 3, 04013 Kosice, Slovakia 3
Natural bioleaching has been taking place for almost as long as the history of the world, but it is only in the last few decades that we have realized that bioleaching is responsible for acid production in some mining wastes, and that this bacterial activity can be used to liberate some metals.
Bioleaching is the extraction of a metal from sulfide ores or concentrates using materials found native to the environment; namely, water, air and microorganisms. In other words, bioleaching is the commercialization of the ability of certain bacteria and archaea, found in nature, to catalyze the oxidation of sulfide minerals.
Abstract. In copper dump leaching, runofmine ore is irrigated with acidic leaching solution to generate aqueous cupric ions for further processing. The very large size of the ore particles being leached, as much as two meters in diameter, should preclude any significant metal recovery. Dump leaching should not work; and yet it does.
The application of bioleaching of metal sulfides (MS) and its understanding have evolved over the last decades. The mobilization of metal cations from often almost insoluble minerals in ores by biological acidification, oxidation, and complexation processes is referred to as bioleaching, and its application is termed biomining, being now a worldwide established geobiotechnological process.
Copper low abundance, its higher competition with other metals and its higher ionic strength, may hinder the Cu extraction process via bioleaching. For this attempt, the Bioelectrochemical System (BES); a synergistic association of microbiological and electrochemical concept, was proposed as a promising alternative ( Logan and Rabaey, 2012 ).
Copper (Cu) extraction and processing is one of the most important mining activities around the world. ... Initially during this process, lowgrade Cu ores (with less than 2% Cu content) are ground and crushed. ... José Antonio, Jennyfer Serrano, and Eduardo Leiva. 2018. "Bioleaching of ArsenicBearing Copper Ores" Minerals 8, no. 5: 215 ...
In bioleaching, bacteria are used to extract copper ions from low grade copper this process, bacteria convert copper compounds within ores into copper compound solutions are called the leachate and can be separates using electrolysis or displacement reactions to form copper metal.. Bioleaching has the advantage of being a relatively green process.
Apr 24 2014. Bioleaching, or microbial ore leaching, is a process used to extract metals from their ores using bacterial microorganisms. The bacteria feed on nutrients in the minerals, causing the metal to separate from its ore. The metals commonly extracted using this process include gold, silver, zinc, copper, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel ...
The Earth's supply of metal ores close ore A rock containing enough quantities of a mineral for extraction to be possible. is limited. For example, highgrade copper ores are becoming harder to ...
1. Introduction. The copper mine industry is facing with the need to process lowgrade ores using lowcost technologies to meet global demand unceasingly (Faramarzi et al., 2020).As an economical and environmental friendly method, bioleaching has been exploited to liberate metals, such as copper, iron and nickel, from lowgrade ores in some mining area (Panda et al., 2015).
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